University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California), is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. It was established in 1868 as the University of California and is the state's first land-grant university and the founding campus of the University of California system. Berkeley has been regarded to be among the top universities in the world and Berkeley alumni have also founded more companies than any other university worldwide.A founding member of the Association of American Universities, Berkeley hosts research institutes dedicated to science, engineering, and mathematics. The university founded and maintains relationships with three national laboratories at Berkeley, Livermore and Los Alamos, and played a role in the Manhattan Project and the discovery of 16 chemical elements. Berkeley's athletic teams, which compete as the California Golden Bears primarily in the Pac-12 Conference, have won 107 national championships, and its alumni have won 223 Olympic medals (including 121 gold medals).Among Berkeley's alumni, faculty, and researchers are 107 Nobel laureates, 25 Turing Award winners, 14 Fields Medalists, 30 Wolf Prize winners, 34 Pulitzer Prize winners, 190 recipients of the MacArthur "Genius Grant", and 68 recipients of the National Medal of Science. The university has produced seven heads of state or government, six chief justices, and 25 living billionaires. It is also a leading producer of Fulbright Scholars, MacArthur Fellows, and Marshall Scholars.